What is a criterion-referenced test?

A criterion-referenced test is designed to assess an individual's performance against a predetermined set of criteria or standards rather than comparing them to a norm group. This type of assessment evaluates specific skills or knowledge to determine whether the individual has achieved a particular level of proficiency. It is commonly used in educational settings to measure learning outcomes and competencies, focusing on whether students meet defined learning goals.

In contrast, assessments that measure performance against norms involve comparison with a larger group, often to determine how an individual ranks relative to that group. Informal assessments, such as observations, gather qualitative data rather than strictly measuring against set standards. Tests focused solely on fluency disorders limit their scope and do not encompass the broader application of criterion-referenced assessments, which can evaluate various skills and areas of performance. Thus, option B accurately characterizes a criterion-referenced test's purpose and methodology.